Python编程实践：“_”开头的变量

于其中, 用单下划线 _ 起始的命名, 像 _name 等等这般, 属于一种大家向来都这么做的固有规范, 并非是语言强硬要求的语法准则。它主要是用来给代码的阅读者, 涵盖未来的你自己, 传递特定的意向。

当存在一个变量, 或者是一个方法, 又或者是一个属性, 只要它是以 _ 开头的, 那么它就会向其他开发者传达这样的信息: “眼下这是属于一个内部实现的细节部分, 绝对千万不要在类的外部直接去进行访问, 也绝对不可拿去修改它”。

class BankAccount: def __init__(self, balance): self._balance = balance # 内部余额，外部不应直接修改 self._transaction_count = 0 def deposit(self, amount): self._balance += amount self._transaction_count += 1 def _calculate_interest(self): # 内部计算利息的方法 # 复杂的内部逻辑 return self._balance * 0.01 def get_interest(self): # 公开接口，内部调用私有方法 return self._calculate_interest()

在这段代码中，调用者应使用和，而不是直接访问或。

多数现代的IDE, 像是某些特定的IDE, 在进行代码补全这个操作的时候, 会按照默认的设置, 把那些以_开头的成员给隐藏起来, 只有当手动键入下划线的情况下, 这些成员才会显示出来。这样的情况从工具的相关层面, 对“内部使用”的提示起到了强化的作用。

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