PHP微服务架构与RESTful设计

PHP微服务架构与RESTful设计

微服务架构将应用拆分成多个独立服务。PHP在微服务中可以作为服务提供者。今天说说PHP微服务和RESTful API的设计。

微服务间通信用HTTP或RPC。

```php
class ServiceClient
{
private array $services = [];

public function registerService(string $name, string $host, int $port): void
{
$this->services[$name] = compact('host', 'port');
}

public function call(string $service, string $method, string $path, array $data = []): array
{
$config = $this->services[$service] ?? null;
if ($config === null) throw new RuntimeException("服务不可达: $service");

$url = "http://{$config['host']}:{$config['port']}{$path}";
$ch = curl_init($url);
$options = [CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT => 5];

if ($method === 'POST') {
$options[CURLOPT_POST] = true;
$options[CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS] = json_encode($data);
$options[CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER] = ['Content-Type: application/json'];
}

curl_setopt_array($ch, $options);
$response = curl_exec($ch);
$httpCode = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
curl_close($ch);

return ['status' => $httpCode, 'body' => json_decode($response, true) ?? []];
}
}

$client = new ServiceClient();
$client->registerService('user-service', '192.168.1.10', 9001);
$result = $client->call('user-service', 'GET', '/api/users/1');
echo "状态: {$result['status']}\n";
?>

RESTful路由设计。

```php
class RestRouter
{
private array $routes = [];

public function resource(string $base, string $controller): void
{
$this->get($base, [$controller, 'index']);
$this->post($base, [$controller, 'store']);
$this->get("$base/{id}", [$controller, 'show']);
$this->put("$base/{id}", [$controller, 'update']);
$this->delete("$base/{id}", [$controller, 'destroy']);
}

public function get(string $path, callable $handler): void
{
$this->routes['GET'][] = compact('path', 'handler');
}

public function post(string $path, callable $handler): void
{
$this->routes['POST'][] = compact('path', 'handler');
}

public function put(string $path, callable $handler): void
{
$this->routes['PUT'][] = compact('path', 'handler');
}

public function delete(string $path, callable $handler): void
{
$this->routes['DELETE'][] = compact('path', 'handler');
}

public function dispatch(string $method, string $uri): void
{
$uri = parse_url($uri, PHP_URL_PATH);

foreach ($this->routes[$method] ?? [] as $route) {
$pattern = preg_replace('/\{(\w+)\}/', '(?P<$1>[^/]+)', $route['path']);
$pattern = '#^' . $pattern . '$#';

if (preg_match($pattern, $uri, $matches)) {
$params = array_filter($matches, 'is_string', ARRAY_FILTER_USE_KEY);
header('Content-Type: application/json');
echo json_encode(($route['handler'])($params), JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);
return;
}
}

http_response_code(404);
echo json_encode(['error' => 'Not Found']);
}
}

class UserController
{
public static function index(): array
{
return ['users' => [['id' => 1, 'name' => '张三']]];
}

public static function show(array $params): array
{
return ['user' => ['id' => (int)$params['id'], 'name' => '用户']];
}

public static function store(): array
{
$input = json_decode(file_get_contents('php://input'), true);
return ['message' => '创建成功', 'data' => $input];
}
}
?>

微服务API的统一响应格式。

```php
class ApiResponse
{
public static function success(mixed $data = null, string $message = 'success'): string
{
return json_encode(['code' => 0, 'message' => $message, 'data' => $data], JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);
}

public static function error(string $message, int $code = -1): string
{
return json_encode(['code' => $code, 'message' => $message], JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);
}

public static function paginate(array $items, int $total, int $page, int $perPage): string
{
return json_encode([
'code' => 0,
'message' => 'success',
'data' => [
'items' => $items,
'total' => $total,
'page' => $page,
'per_page' => $perPage,
'total_pages' => ceil($total / $perPage),
],
], JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);
}
}
?>

微服务架构带来了灵活性，也增加了复杂性。服务发现、负载均衡、分布式追踪等问题需要解决。对于大多数团队来说，从单体开始，在确实需要的时候才拆分微服务，是比较务实的方式。